Configuration¶

You need to follow these steps to configure your RAPIDS deployment before you can extract behavioral features

Add your database credentials
Choose the timezone of your study
Create your participants files
Select what time segments you want to extract features on
Modify your device data source configuration
Select what sensors and features you want to process

When you are done with this configuration, go to executing RAPIDS.

Hint

Every time you see config["KEY"] or [KEY] in these docs we are referring to the corresponding key in the config.yaml file.

Database credentials¶

Create an empty file called .env in your RAPIDS root directory
Add the following lines and replace your database-specific credentials (user, password, host, and database):

[MY_GROUP]
user=MY_USER
password=MY_PASSWORD
host=MY_HOST
port=3306
database=MY_DATABASE

Warning

The label MY_GROUP is arbitrary but it has to match the following config.yaml key:

DATABASE_GROUP: &database_group
  MY_GROUP

Note

You can ignore this step if you are only processing Fitbit data in CSV files.

Timezone of your study¶

Single timezone¶

If your study only happened in a single time zone, select the appropriate code form this list and change the following config key. Double check your timezone code pick, for example US Eastern Time is America/New_York not EST

TIMEZONE: &timezone
  America/New_York

Multiple timezones¶

Support coming soon.

Participant files¶

Participant files link together multiple devices (smartphones and wearables) to specific participants and identify them throughout RAPIDS. You can create these files manually or automatically. Participant files are stored in data/external/participant_files/pxx.yaml and follow a unified structure.

Note

The list PIDS in config.yaml needs to have the participant file names of the people you want to process. For example, if you created p01.yaml, p02.yaml and p03.yaml files in /data/external/participant_files/, then PIDS should be:

PIDS: [p01, p02, p03]

Tip

Attribute values of the [PHONE] and [FITBIT] sections in every participant file are optional which allows you to analyze data from participants that only carried smartphones, only Fitbit devices, or both.

Optional: Migrating participants files with the old format

If you were using the pre-release version of RAPIDS with participant files in plain text (as opposed to yaml), you can run the following command and your old files will be converted into yaml files stored in data/external/participant_files/

python tools/update_format_participant_files.py

Structure of participants files¶

Example of the structure of a participant file

In this example, the participant used an android phone, an ios phone, and a fitbit device throughout the study between Apr 23^rd 2020 and Oct 28^th 2020

PHONE:
  DEVICE_IDS: [a748ee1a-1d0b-4ae9-9074-279a2b6ba524, dsadas-2324-fgsf-sdwr-gdfgs4rfsdf43]
  PLATFORMS: [android,ios]
  LABEL: test01
  START_DATE: 2020-04-23
  END_DATE: 2020-10-28
FITBIT:
  DEVICE_IDS: [fitbit1]
  LABEL: test01
  START_DATE: 2020-04-23
  END_DATE: 2020-10-28

For [PHONE]

Key	Description
`[DEVICE_IDS]`	An array of the strings that uniquely identify each smartphone, you can have more than one for when participants changed phones in the middle of the study, in this case, data from all their devices will be joined and relabeled with the last 1 on this list.
`[PLATFORMS]`	An array that specifies the OS of each smartphone in `[DEVICE_IDS]` , use a combination of `android` or `ios` (we support participants that changed platforms in the middle of your study!). If you have an `aware_device` table in your database you can set `[PLATFORMS]: [multiple]` and RAPIDS will infer them automatically.
`[LABEL]`	A string that is used in reports and visualizations.
`[START_DATE]`	A string with format `YYY-MM-DD` . Only data collected after this date will be included in the analysis
`[END_DATE]`	A string with format `YYY-MM-DD` . Only data collected before this date will be included in the analysis

For [FITBIT]

Key	Description
`[DEVICE_IDS]`	An array of the strings that uniquely identify each Fitbit, you can have more than one in case the participant changed devices in the middle of the study, in this case, data from all devices will be joined and relabeled with the last `device_id` on this list.
`[LABEL]`	A string that is used in reports and visualizations.
`[START_DATE]`	A string with format `YYY-MM-DD` . Only data collected after this date will be included in the analysis
`[END_DATE]`	A string with format `YYY-MM-DD` . Only data collected before this date will be included in the analysis

Automatic creation of participant files¶

You have two options a) use the aware_device table in your database or b) use a CSV file. In either case, in your config.yaml, set [PHONE_SECTION][ADD] or [FITBIT_SECTION][ADD] to TRUE depending on what devices you used in your study. Set [DEVICE_ID_COLUMN] to the name of the column that uniquely identifies each device and include any device ids you want to ignore in [IGNORED_DEVICE_IDS].

aware_device table

Set the following keys in your config.yaml

CREATE_PARTICIPANT_FILES:
  SOURCE:
    TYPE: AWARE_DEVICE_TABLE
    DATABASE_GROUP: *database_group
    CSV_FILE_PATH: ""
    TIMEZONE: *timezone
  PHONE_SECTION:
    ADD: TRUE # or FALSE
    DEVICE_ID_COLUMN: device_id # column name
    IGNORED_DEVICE_IDS: []
  FITBIT_SECTION:
    ADD: TRUE # or FALSE
    DEVICE_ID_COLUMN: fitbit_id # column name
    IGNORED_DEVICE_IDS: []

Then run

snakemake -j1 create_participants_files

CSV file

Set the following keys in your config.yaml.

CREATE_PARTICIPANT_FILES:
  SOURCE:
    TYPE: CSV_FILE
    DATABASE_GROUP: ""
    CSV_FILE_PATH: "your_path/to_your.csv"
    TIMEZONE: *timezone
  PHONE_SECTION:
    ADD: TRUE # or FALSE
    DEVICE_ID_COLUMN: device_id # column name
    IGNORED_DEVICE_IDS: []
  FITBIT_SECTION:
    ADD: TRUE # or FALSE
    DEVICE_ID_COLUMN: fitbit_id # column name
    IGNORED_DEVICE_IDS: []

Your CSV file ([SOURCE][CSV_FILE_PATH]) should have the following columns but you can omit any values you don’t have on each column:

Column	Description
phone device id	The name of this column has to match `[PHONE_SECTION][DEVICE_ID_COLUMN]`. Separate multiple ids with `;`
fitbit device id	The name of this column has to match `[FITBIT_SECTION][DEVICE_ID_COLUMN]`. Separate multiple ids with `;`
pid	Unique identifiers with the format pXXX (your participant files will be named with this string
platform	Use `android`, `ios` or `multiple` as explained above, separate values with `;`
label	A human readable string that is used in reports and visualizations.
start_date	A string with format `YYY-MM-DD`.
end_date	A string with format `YYY-MM-DD`.

Example

device_id,pid,label,platform,start_date,end_date,fitbit_id
a748ee1a-1d0b-4ae9-9074-279a2b6ba524;dsadas-2324-fgsf-sdwr-gdfgs4rfsdf43,p01,julio,android;ios,2020-01-01,2021-01-01,fitbit1
4c4cf7a1-0340-44bc-be0f-d5053bf7390c,p02,meng,ios,2021-01-01,2022-01-01,fitbit2

Then run

snakemake -j1 create_participants_files

Time Segments¶

Time segments (or epochs) are the time windows on which you want to extract behavioral features. For example, you might want to process data on every day, every morning, or only during weekends. RAPIDS offers three categories of time segments that are flexible enough to cover most use cases: frequency (short time windows every day), periodic (arbitrary time windows on any day), and event (arbitrary time windows around events of interest). See also our examples.

Frequency Segments

These segments are computed on every day and all have the same duration (for example 30 minutes). Set the following keys in your config.yaml

TIME_SEGMENTS: &time_segments
  TYPE: FREQUENCY
  FILE: "data/external/your_frequency_segments.csv"
  INCLUDE_PAST_PERIODIC_SEGMENTS: FALSE

The file pointed by [TIME_SEGMENTS][FILE] should have the following format and can only have 1 row.

Column	Description
label	A string that is used as a prefix in the name of your time segments
length	An integer representing the duration of your time segments in minutes

Example

label,length
thirtyminutes,30

This configuration will compute 48 time segments for every day when any data from any participant was sensed. For example:

start_time,length,label
00:00,30,thirtyminutes0000
00:30,30,thirtyminutes0001
01:00,30,thirtyminutes0002
01:30,30,thirtyminutes0003
...

Periodic Segments

These segments can be computed every day, or on specific days of the week, month, quarter, and year. Their minimum duration is 1 minute but they can be as long as you want. Set the following keys in your config.yaml.

TIME_SEGMENTS: &time_segments
  TYPE: PERIODIC
  FILE: "data/external/your_periodic_segments.csv"
  INCLUDE_PAST_PERIODIC_SEGMENTS: FALSE # or TRUE

If [INCLUDE_PAST_PERIODIC_SEGMENTS] is set to TRUE, RAPIDS will consider instances of your segments back enough in the past as to include the first row of data of each participant. For example, if the first row of data from a participant happened on Saturday March 7^th 2020 and the requested segment duration is 7 days starting on every Sunday, the first segment to be considered would start on Sunday March 1^st if [INCLUDE_PAST_PERIODIC_SEGMENTS] is TRUE or on Sunday March 8^th if FALSE.

The file pointed by [TIME_SEGMENTS][FILE] should have the following format and can have multiple rows.

Column	Description
label	A string that is used as a prefix in the name of your time segments. It has to be unique between rows
start_time	A string with format `HH:MM:SS` representing the starting time of this segment on any day
length	A string representing the length of this segment.It can have one or more of the following strings `XXD XXH XXM XXS` to represent days, hours, minutes and seconds. For example `7D 23H 59M 59S`
repeats_on	One of the follow options `every_day`, `wday`, `qday`, `mday`, and `yday`. The last four represent a week, quarter, month and year day
repeats_value	An integer complementing `repeats_on`. If you set `repeats_on` to `every_day` set this to `0`, otherwise `1-7` represent a `wday` starting from Mondays, `1-31` represent a `mday`, `1-91` represent a `qday`, and `1-366` represent a `yday`

Example

label,start_time,length,repeats_on,repeats_value
daily,00:00:00,23H 59M 59S,every_day,0
morning,06:00:00,5H 59M 59S,every_day,0
afternoon,12:00:00,5H 59M 59S,every_day,0
evening,18:00:00,5H 59M 59S,every_day,0
night,00:00:00,5H 59M 59S,every_day,0

This configuration will create five segments instances (daily, morning, afternoon, evening, night) on any given day (every_day set to 0). The daily segment will start at midnight and will last 23:59:59, the other four segments will start at 6am, 12pm, 6pm, and 12am respectively and last for 05:59:59.

Event segments

These segments can be computed before or after an event of interest (defined as any UNIX timestamp). Their minimum duration is 1 minute but they can be as long as you want. The start of each segment can be shifted backwards or forwards from the specified timestamp. Set the following keys in your config.yaml.

TIME_SEGMENTS: &time_segments
  TYPE: EVENT
  FILE: "data/external/your_event_segments.csv"
  INCLUDE_PAST_PERIODIC_SEGMENTS: FALSE # or TRUE

The file pointed by [TIME_SEGMENTS][FILE] should have the following format and can have multiple rows.

Column	Description
label	A string that is used as a prefix in the name of your time segments. If labels are unique, every segment is independent; if two or more segments have the same label, their data will be grouped when computing auxiliary data for features like the `most frequent contact` for calls (the most frequent contact will be computed across all these segments). There cannot be two overlaping event segments with the same label (RAPIDS will throw an error)
event_timestamp	A UNIX timestamp that represents the moment an event of interest happened (clinical relapse, survey, readmission, etc.). The corresponding time segment will be computed around this moment using `length`, `shift`, and `shift_direction`
length	A string representing the length of this segment. It can have one or more of the following keys `XXD XXH XXM XXS` to represent a number of days, hours, minutes, and seconds. For example `7D 23H 59M 59S`
shift	A string representing the time shift from `event_timestamp`. It can have one or more of the following keys `XXD XXH XXM XXS` to represent a number of days, hours, minutes and seconds. For example `7D 23H 59M 59S`. Use this value to change the start of a segment with respect to its `event_timestamp`. For example, set this variable to `1H` to create a segment that starts 1 hour from an event of interest (`shift_direction` determines if it’s before or after).
shift_direction	An integer representing whether the `shift` is before (`-1`) or after (`1`) an `event_timestamp`
device_id	The device id (smartphone or fitbit) to whom this segment belongs to. You have to create a line in this event segment file for each event of a participant that you want to analyse. If you have participants with multiple device ids you can choose any of them

Example

label,event_timestamp,length,shift,shift_direction,device_id
stress1,1587661220000,1H,5M,1,a748ee1a-1d0b-4ae9-9074-279a2b6ba524
stress2,1587747620000,4H,4H,-1,a748ee1a-1d0b-4ae9-9074-279a2b6ba524
stress3,1587906020000,3H,5M,1,a748ee1a-1d0b-4ae9-9074-279a2b6ba524
stress4,1584291600000,7H,4H,-1,a748ee1a-1d0b-4ae9-9074-279a2b6ba524
stress5,1588172420000,9H,5M,-1,a748ee1a-1d0b-4ae9-9074-279a2b6ba524
mood,1587661220000,1H,0,0,a748ee1a-1d0b-4ae9-9074-279a2b6ba524
mood,1587747620000,1D,0,0,a748ee1a-1d0b-4ae9-9074-279a2b6ba524
mood,1587906020000,7D,0,0,a748ee1a-1d0b-4ae9-9074-279a2b6ba524

This example will create eight segments for a single participant (a748ee1a...), five independent stressX segments with various lengths (1,4,3,7, and 9 hours). Segments stress1, stress3, and stress5 are shifted forwards by 5 minutes and stress2 and stress4 are shifted backwards by 4 hours (that is, if the stress4 event happened on March 15^th at 1pm EST (1584291600000), the time segment will start on that day at 9am and end at 4pm).

The three mood segments are 1 hour, 1 day and 7 days long and have no shift. In addition, these mood segments are grouped together, meaning that although RAPIDS will compute features on each one of them, some necessary information to compute a few of such features will be extracted from all three segments, for example the phone contact that called a participant the most or the location clusters visited by a participant.

Segment Examples¶

5-minutes

Use the following Frequency segment file to create 288 (12 * 60 * 24) 5-minute segments starting from midnight of every day in your study

label,length
fiveminutes,5

Daily

Use the following Periodic segment file to create daily segments starting from midnight of every day in your study

label,start_time,length,repeats_on,repeats_value
daily,00:00:00,23H 59M 59S,every_day,0

Morning

Use the following Periodic segment file to create morning segments starting at 06:00:00 and ending at 11:59:59 of every day in your study

label,start_time,length,repeats_on,repeats_value
morning,06:00:00,5H 59M 59S,every_day,0

Overnight

Use the following Periodic segment file to create overnight segments starting at 20:00:00 and ending at 07:59:59 (next day) of every day in your study

label,start_time,length,repeats_on,repeats_value
morning,20:00:00,11H 59M 59S,every_day,0

Weekly

Use the following Periodic segment file to create non-overlapping weekly segments starting at midnight of every Monday in your study

label,start_time,length,repeats_on,repeats_value
weekly,00:00:00,6D 23H 59M 59S,wday,1

Use the following Periodic segment file to create overlapping weekly segments starting at midnight of every day in your study

label,start_time,length,repeats_on,repeats_value
weekly,00:00:00,6D 23H 59M 59S,every_day,0

Week-ends

Use the following Periodic segment file to create week-end segments starting at midnight of every Saturday in your study

label,start_time,length,repeats_on,repeats_value
weekend,00:00:00,1D 23H 59M 59S,wday,6

Around surveys

Use the following Event segment file to create two 2-hour segments that start 1 hour before surveys answered by 3 participants

label,event_timestamp,length,shift,shift_direction,device_id
survey1,1587661220000,2H,1H,-1,a748ee1a-1d0b-4ae9-9074-279a2b6ba524
survey2,1587747620000,2H,1H,-1,a748ee1a-1d0b-4ae9-9074-279a2b6ba524
survey1,1587906020000,2H,1H,-1,rqtertsd-43ff-34fr-3eeg-efe4fergregr
survey2,1584291600000,2H,1H,-1,rqtertsd-43ff-34fr-3eeg-efe4fergregr
survey1,1588172420000,2H,1H,-1,klj34oi2-8frk-2343-21kk-324ljklewlr3
survey2,1584291600000,2H,1H,-1,klj34oi2-8frk-2343-21kk-324ljklewlr3

Device Data Source Configuration¶

You might need to modify the following config keys in your config.yaml depending on what devices your participants used and where you are storing your data. You can ignore [PHONE_DATA_CONFIGURATION] or [FITBIT_DATA_CONFIGURATION] if you are not working with either devices.

Phone

The relevant config.yaml section looks like this by default:

PHONE_DATA_CONFIGURATION:
  SOURCE: 
    TYPE: DATABASE
    DATABASE_GROUP: *database_group
    DEVICE_ID_COLUMN: device_id # column name
  TIMEZONE: 
    TYPE: SINGLE # SINGLE (MULTIPLE support coming soon)
    VALUE: *timezone

Parameters for [PHONE_DATA_CONFIGURATION]

Key	Description
`[SOURCE] [TYPE]`	Only `DATABASE` is supported (phone data will be pulled from a database)
`[SOURCE] [DATABASE_GROUP]`	`*database_group` points to the value defined before in Database credentials
`[SOURCE] [DEVICE_ID_COLUMN]`	A column that contains strings that uniquely identify smartphones. For data collected with AWARE this is usually `device_id`
`[TIMEZONE] [TYPE]`	Only `SINGLE` is supported for now
`[TIMEZONE] [VALUE]`	`*timezone` points to the value defined before in Timezone of your study

Fitbit

The relevant config.yaml section looks like this by default:

FITBIT_DATA_CONFIGURATION:
  SOURCE: 
    TYPE: DATABASE # DATABASE or FILES (set each [FITBIT_SENSOR][TABLE] attribute with a table name or a file path accordingly)
    COLUMN_FORMAT: JSON # JSON or PLAIN_TEXT
    DATABASE_GROUP: *database_group
    DEVICE_ID_COLUMN: device_id # column name
  TIMEZONE: 
    TYPE: SINGLE # Fitbit devices don't support time zones so we read this data in the timezone indicated by VALUE 
    VALUE: *timezone

Parameters for For [FITBIT_DATA_CONFIGURATION]

Key	Description
`[SOURCE]` `[TYPE]`	`DATABASE` or `FILES` (set each `[FITBIT_SENSOR]` `[TABLE]` attribute accordingly with a table name or a file path)
`[SOURCE]` `[COLUMN_FORMAT]`	`JSON` or `PLAIN_TEXT`. Column format of the source data. If you pulled your data directly from the Fitbit API the column containing the sensor data will be in `JSON` format
`[SOURCE]` `[DATABASE_GROUP]`	`*database_group` points to the value defined before in Database credentials. Only used if `[TYPE]` is `DATABASE` .
`[SOURCE]` `[DEVICE_ID_COLUMN]`	A column that contains strings that uniquely identify Fitbit devices.
`[TIMEZONE]` `[TYPE]`	Only `SINGLE` is supported (Fitbit devices always store data in local time).
`[TIMEZONE]` `[VALUE]`	`*timezone` points to the value defined before in Timezone of your study

Sensor and Features to Process¶

Finally, you need to modify the config.yaml section of the sensors you want to extract behavioral features from. All sensors follow the same naming nomenclature (DEVICE_SENSOR) and parameter structure which we explain in the Behavioral Features Introduction.

Done

Head over to Execution to learn how to execute RAPIDS.